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M9550853.TXT
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1995-03-25
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Document 0853
DOCN M9550853
TI The cofactor effect of genital ulcers on the per-exposure risk of HIV
transmission in sub-Saharan Africa.
DT 9505
AU Hayes RJ; Schulz KF; Plummer FA; Department of Epidemiology and
Population Sciences, London School; of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,
UK.
SO J Trop Med Hyg. 1995 Feb;98(1):1-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
MED/95165481
AB The goal was to estimate the cofactor effect of genital ulcer disease
(GUD) on the risk of HIV transmission during a single heterosexual
exposure. The relation between the risk ratio observed in an
epidemiological study and the per-exposure cofactor effect was
investigated. Given simple assumptions, we show that observed risk
ratios are expected to be very much smaller than per-exposure cofactor
effects and to decrease as the observation period increases. Data from
longitudinal studies of female commercial sex workers and men in Nairobi
were reanalysed. The data are consistent with GUD cofactor effects per
sexual exposure of 10-50 for male to female transmission, and of 50-300
for female to male transmission. Although subject to wide margins of
error, these estimates indicate that GUD may be responsible for a high
proportion of heterosexually acquired HIV infections in sub-Saharan
Africa, supporting the potential role of STD control as an effective
intervention strategy against HIV.
DE Africa South of the Sahara/EPIDEMIOLOGY
Chancroid/*COMPLICATIONS/*EPIDEMIOLOGY Female Human HIV
Infections/EPIDEMIOLOGY/*ETIOLOGY/PREVENTION & CONTROL/ *TRANSMISSION
Male Odds Ratio Research Design Risk Factors Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW REVIEW, TUTORIAL
SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).